The International Journal of Engineering Sciences

Abstract

ABSTRACT
In mechanical engineering, composite materials are essential. Because of their complexity and multi-component makeup, they are among the most important technological advancements that have improved the performance of mechanical structures by striking a balance between strength, light weight, and longevity. Reviewing the theoretical analysis of composite material properties is the goal of this study, with particular attention paid to mechanical properties, classification models, and other features including thermal and environmental properties. The goal is to create a comprehensive knowledge base that aids in the creation of better structures. Using a literature and theoretical analysis methodology, the study examines the fundamental theories and mathematical models that describe how materials behave under different loading scenarios while accounting for the assumptions and constraints of each model. According to theoretical principles that explain the balance of strength, flexibility, and reliability, the results show how well some models predict the properties of composite materials and show how these properties can be used to design lightweight, high-strength structures. The creation of contemporary models and theories will successfully enhance the performance of structures and offer a sophisticated conceptual framework that will support the advancement of design procedures in the future and increase sustainability in engineering applications.

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Article history_en

Received : Aug 18, 2025

Revised : Aug 20, 2025

Accepted : Sep 11, 2025

Authors Affiliations_en

ALI ABDALQADER a,*, KARRAR YOUSUF JASIM b, ABDULLAH ADNAN ALKHATHEMI c

Ethics declarations_en

Acknowledgment	None
Author Contribution	All authors contributed equally to the main contributor to this paper. All authors read and approved the final paper.
Conflicts of Interest	“The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
Funding	“This research received no external funding”